linux配置java环境变量(详细) (转)

作者:duketian 日期:2007-12-07 16:11:36

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现在用linux的朋友越来越多了，前几天就有两个朋友问我linux下怎么配置java环境，我想还有很多朋友想了解学习这方面的东西，就写一个完全一点的linux java环境配置吧，希望对大家有帮助。

一. 下载jdk5.0 for linux

　　到sun的主页 http://java.sun.com/j2se/1.5.0/download.jsp 下载jdk安装文件jdk-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin

二. 解压安装jdk

　　在shell终端下进入jdk-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin文件所在目录，执行命令 ./jdk-1_5_0_05-linux-i586.bin 这时会出现一段协议，连继敲回车，当询问是否同意的时候，输入yes，回车。之后会在当前目录下生成一个jdk-1.5.0_05目录，你可以将它复制到任何一个目录下。

三. 需要配置的环境变量

　　1. PATH环境变量。作用是指定命令搜索路径，在shell下面执行命令时，它会到PATH变量所指定的路径中查找看是否能找到相应的命令程序。我们需要把 jdk安装目录下的bin目录增加到现有的PATH变量中，bin目录中包含经常要用到的可执行文件如javac/java/javadoc等待，设置好 PATH变量后，就可以在任何目录下执行javac/java等工具了。

　　2. CLASSPATH环境变量。作用是指定类搜索路径，要使用已经编写好的类，前提当然是能够找到它们了，JVM就是通过CLASSPTH来寻找类的。我们需要把jdk安装目录下的lib子目录中的dt.jar和tools.jar设置到CLASSPATH中，当然，当前目录“.”也必须加入到该变量中。

　　3. JAVA_HOME环境变量。它指向jdk的安装目录，Eclipse/NetBeans/Tomcat等软件就是通过搜索JAVA_HOME变量来找到并使用安装好的jdk。

四. 三种配置环境变量的方法

　　1. 修改/etc/profile文件

　　　　如果你的计算机仅仅作为开发使用时推荐使用这种方法，因为所有用户的shell都有权使用这些环境变量，可能会给系统带来安全性问题。

　　　　·用文本编辑器打开/etc/profile
　　　　·在profile文件末尾加入：

　　　　　　JAVA_HOME=/usr/share/jdk1.5.0_05
　　　　　　PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
　　　　　　CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
　　　　　　export JAVA_HOME
　　　　　　export PATH
　　　　　　export CLASSPATH

　　　　·重新登录
　　　　·注解
　　　　　　a. 你要将 /usr/share/jdk1.5.0_05jdk 改为你的jdk安装目录
　　　　　　b. linux下用冒号“:”来分隔路径
　　　　　　c. $PATH / $CLASSPATH / $JAVA_HOME 是用来引用原来的环境变量的值
　　　　　　　在设置环境变量时特别要注意不能把原来的值给覆盖掉了，这是一种
　　　　　　　常见的错误。
　　　　　　d. CLASSPATH中当前目录“.”不能丢,把当前目录丢掉也是常见的错误。
　　　　　　e. export是把这三个变量导出为全局变量。
　　　　　　f. 大小写必须严格区分。

　　2. 修改.bashrc文件
　　　　
　　　　这种方法更为安全，它可以把使用这些环境变量的权限控制到用户级别，如果你需要给某个用户权限使用这些环境变量，你只需要修改其个人用户主目录下的.bashrc文件就可以了。

　　　　·用文本编辑器打开用户目录下的.bashrc文件
　　　　·在.bashrc文件末尾加入：
　　　　　　
　　　　　　set JAVA_HOME=/usr/share/jdk1.5.0_05
　　　　　　export JAVA_HOME
　　　　　　set PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
　　　export PATH
　　　set CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar
　　　export CLASSPATH

　　　　·重新登录

　　3. 直接在shell下设置变量

　　　　不赞成使用这种方法，因为换个shell，你的设置就无效了，因此这种方法仅仅是临时使用，以后要使用的时候又要重新设置，比较麻烦。

　　　　只需在shell终端执行下列命令：

　　　　export JAVA_HOME=/usr/share/jdk1.5.0_05
　　　　export PATH=$JAVA_HOME/bin:$PATH
　　　　export CLASSPATH=.:$JAVA_HOME/lib/dt.jar:$JAVA_HOME/lib/tools.jar

五. 测试jdk

　　1. 用文本编辑器新建一个Test.java文件，在其中输入以下代码并保存：

　　　　public class test {
　　　　　　public static void main(String args[]) {
　　　　　　　　System.out.println("A new jdk test !");
　　　　　　}
　　　　}

　　2. 编译：在shell终端执行命令 javac Test.java

　　3. 运行：在shell终端执行命令 java Test

　　　　当shell下出现“A new jdk test !”字样则jdk运行正常。

六. 卸载jdk

·找到jdk安装目录的_uninst子目录
　　·在shell终端执行命令./uninstall.sh即可卸载jdk。

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